Laboratory Studies of Main Component Composition of Hyperhaline Lakes

Abstract

Introduction. Composition of water is an important hydrochemical characteristic of a salt water body. It is very important in shaping the conditions for the ecosystem functioning. This factor should be taken into account in determining water salinity since salinity measurements carried out by the standard oceanologic equipment using electrical conductivity in the water where the ion ratio is different from that in the oceanic water results in significant errors.

Data and Methods. The present paper describes the analytical methods for laboratory determining the chlorides, sulfates, calcium, magnesium and total dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations using potentiometric titration, the potassium content – by the gravimetric method. These methods are adapted for hyperhalin waters having the different ion-salt composition as compared with the oceanic one. The method’s error (relative deviation) did not exceed 1.7% for halogens, 4% for sulfates, 1.5% for carbonate ions, 0.7% for bicarbonate ions, 4% for calcium ions, 3,2% for magnesium and 1.3% for potassium.

Results. The components of main chemical composition of the hypergaline reservoirs, namely the Aral and Dead seas, and the Lake Urmia are obtained. Salinity of these water bodies represented by total amount of the basic ions is defined.

Discussion and Conclusions. The natural basins under study represent the terminal lakes characterized by high water salinity, which is many times higher than that of the ocean water. The ratios of the main ions in the studied sources differ from each other significantly as well as from the similar ratios in the world ocean.

Keywords

ion composition, basic ions, automatic potentiometric titrator, Metrohm Titrando 905, hyperhaline lakes, the Aral Sea, the Dead Sea, the Lake Urmia.

Acknowledgements

The research is carried out under the support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Agreement No. 14.W03.31.0006 (sampling), as well as within the framework of the State Order, theme No. 0149-2019-0003 (data analysis). The authors are grateful to Dr. E. V. Yakushev for providing samples from the Lake Urmia and the Dead Sea.

For citation

Andrulionis, N.Yu. and Zavyalov, P.O., 2019. Laboratory Studies of the Main Component Composition of Hypergaline Lakes. Physical Oceanography, [e-journal] 26(1), pp. 13-31. doi:10.22449/1573-160X-2019-1-13-31

DOI

10.22449/1573-160X-2019-1-13-31

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