Oxygen in the Bottom Layer of the Amur Bay Waters (Sea of Japan) During the Cold Season 2013–2014

P. P. Tishchenko✉, P. Ya. Tishchenko

V. I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation

✉ e-mail: eq15@poi.dvo.ru

Abstract

Purpose. This study aims to analyze oxygen concentration data from the bottom waters of Amur Bay during the cold season and to identify the causes of its decrease in late February to March, when the bay remains ice-covered.

Methods and Results. Variations in bottom water characteristics during the cold season were investigated in the area of summer hypoxia at a depth of 22 m (1 m above the seafloor) using the Water Quality Monitor autonomous bottom station (Wet Labs). Temperature, salinity (measured by conductivity), dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a (measured by fluorescence) were recorded every 4 hours. Monitoring data from the cold period of 2013–2014 were compared with the data previously collected at the same station and location in summer 2011. The basic patterns of changes in oxygen content and the periods of dominance of production and organic matter mineralization in the bottom waters of Amur Bay during the cold season were identified.

Conclusions. During the winter season, upwelling of the Japan Sea waters delivers nutrients to the bottom waters of Amur Bay. Enhanced vertical mixing, driven by low water column stability, supplies the euphotic layer with nutrients, enabling photosynthesis throughout the bay’s water column. Over four months in winter, the Amur Bay waters become supersaturated with oxygen relative to atmospheric levels. The onset of the summer monsoon (late February to early March) initiates the formation of summer hypoxia in the bottom waters of Amur Bay.

Keywords

Japan Sea, Amur Bay, dissolved oxygen, hypoxia, upwelling, downwelling, nutrients, photosynthesis

Acknowledgements

The study was supported by the state programs of POI FEB RAS (registration numbers 121-21500052-9 and 121021700346-7). The authors express their gratitude to P.Yu. Semkin (POI FEB RAS) for the installation and retrieval of the bottom WQM station.

Original russian text

Original Russian Text © P. P. Tishchenko, P. Ya. Tishchenko, 2025, published in MORSKOY GIDROFIZICHESKIY ZHURNAL, Vol. 41, Iss. 4, pp. 453–466 (2025)

For citation

Tishchenko, P.P. and Tishchenko, P.Ya., 2025. Oxygen in the Bottom Layer of the Amur Bay Waters (Sea of Japan) During the Cold Season 2013–2014. Physical Oceanography, 32(4), pp. 479-491.

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