Numerical Modeling of Coastal Upwellings off the Southern Coast of Crimea in Spring-Summer Period, 2010

D. A. Yarovaya✉, V. V. Efimov

Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS, Sevastopol, Russian Federation

✉ e-mail: darik777mhi-ras@mail.ru

Abstract

Purpose. The aim of this work is to investigate real cases of upwelling observed off the southern coast of Crimea in late May 2010 using a coupled mesoscale model.

Methods and Results. The coupled mesoscale ocean-atmosphere model NEMO-OASIS-WRF (NOW) with a 1 km resolution was used. The three areas of reduced sea surface temperature observed in satellite images near Yalta, near Feodosia, and in the Kerch Strait in late May 2010 were reproduced. It was found that at a depth of 10 m, the decrease in water temperature was not limited to these three areas, but also took place along the whole coast from Sevastopol to Kerch. The modeling results made it possible to examine in detail two upwelling events, namely those in the Yalta and Feodosia areas. The main advantage of dynamic regionalization in coupled modeling has been demonstrated: the atmospheric block of the coupled model reproduces the fine-scale structure of the surface wind field in the Yalta area, in particular, the intensification of coastal wind over the sea up to significant values of 12–15 m/s, which is absent in the atmospheric reanalysis data.

Conclusions. It is established that the coastal upwelling near Yalta can be classified as wind-driven, as its development was accompanied by an offshore wind. The Feodosia upwelling is of the Ekman type and is caused by the southwesterly alongshore winds. The vertical structure of both upwelling events on cross sections normal to the coastline is shown. The revealed main difference in the upwelling structures is as follows: in the Yalta upwelling, the water uplift was concentrated in a narrower zone directly adjacent to the coast, whereas in the Feodosia upwelling, the main water uplift took place at some distance from the coast, and the uplift velocity did not reach such high values as in the Yalta case. It is shown that the SST decrease near Yalta and Feodosia occurred precisely due to upwelling, as a decrease in surface water temperature was accompanied by a simultaneous increase in salinity and coincided in time with the intensification of the corresponding coastal wind velocity component directed normal to the coast in the Yalta area and parallel to the coast in the Feodosia region. The obtained results have demonstrated that the application of a modern ocean-atmosphere model in mesoscale modeling makes it possible to reproduce and examine in detail the structure and development of real upwelling events near the southern coast of Crimea, which would be impossible using only observational data.

Keywords

mesoscale coupled modeling, Black Sea upwellings, southern coast of Crimea

Acknowledgements

The study was carried out within the framework of the state-funded research theme of FSBSI FRC MHI, project No. FNNN-2024-0014.

About the authors

Daria A. Yarovaya, Leading Researcher, Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS (2 Каpitanskaya Str., Sevastopol, 299011, Russian Federation), CSc. (Phys.-Math.), SPIN-code: 9569-5642, ResearcherID: Q-4144-2016, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0949-2040, Scopus Author ID: 57205741734, darik777mhi-ras@mail.ru

Vladimir V. Efimov, Head of the Ocean–Atmosphere Interaction Department, Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS (2 Каpitanskaya Str., Sevastopol, 299011, Russian Federation), DSc. (Phys.-Math.), Professor, SPIN-code: 4902-8602, ResearcherID: P-2063-2017, Scopus Author ID: 6602381894, vefim38@mail.ru

Original russian text

Original Russian Text © D. A. Yarovaya, V. V. Efimov, 2026, published in MORSKOY GIDROFIZICHESKIY ZHURNAL, Vol. 42, Iss. 2, pp. 294–306 (2026)

For citation

Yarovaya, D.A. and Efimov, V.V., 2026. Numerical Modeling of Coastal Upwellings off the Southern Coast of Crimea in Spring-Summer Period, 2010. Physical Oceanography, 33(2), pp. 339-351.

References

  1. Blatov, A.S. and Ivanov, V.A., 1992. [Hydrology and Hydrodynamics of the Shelf Zone of the Black Sea (on the Example of the Southern Coast of Crimea)]. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 224 p. (in Russian).
  2. Efimov, V.V., Stanichnyi, S.V., Shokurov, M.V. and Yarovaya, D.A., 2008. Observations of a Quasi-Tropical Cyclone over the Black Sea. Russian Meteorology and Hydrology, 33(4), pp. 233-239. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068373908040067
  3. Iarovaya, D.A., Efimov, V.V., Barabanov, V.S. and Mizyuk, A.A., 2020. Response of the Black Sea Upper Layer to the Cyclone Passage on September 25–29, 2005. Russian Meteorology and Hydrology, 45(10), pp. 701-711. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068373920100040
  4. Zatsepin, A.G., Silvestrova, K.P., Kuklev, S.B., Piotoukh, V.B. and Podymov, O.I., 2016. Observations of a Cycle of Intense Coastal Upwelling and Downwelling at the Research Site of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology in the Black Sea. Oceanology, 56(2), pp. 188-199. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437016020211
  5. Lovenkova, E.A. and Polonskii, A.B., 2005. Climatic Characteristics of Upwelling near the Crimean Coast and Their Variability. Russian Meteorology and Hydrology, (5), pp. 31-37.
  6. Dzhiganshin, G.F., Polonskii, A.B. and Muzyleva, M.A., 2010. Upwelling in the Northwest Part of the Black Sea at the End of the Summer Season and Its Causes. Physical Oceanography, 20(4), pp. 281-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11110-010-9084-0
  7. Goryachkin, Y.N. and Ivanov, V.A., 2014. Thermohaline Structure and Dynamics of Waters at the Black Sea Satellite Observation Site. In: V. A. Dulov and V. A. Ivanov, eds., 2014. Monitoring of the Coastal Zone in the Black Sea Experimental Sub-Satellite Testing Area. Sevastopol: ECOSI-Gidrofizika, pp. 311-334 (in Russian).
  8. Polonskii, A.B. and Muzyleva, M.A., 2016. Modern Spatial-Temporal Variability of Upwelling in the North-Western Black Sea and off the Crimea Coast. Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya, (4), pp. 96-108. https://doi.org/10.15356/0373-2444-2016-4-96-108 (in Russian).
  9. Goryachkin, Yu.N., 2018. Upwelling nearby the Crimea Western Coast. Physical Oceanography, 25(5), pp. 368-379. https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160X-2018-4-368-379
  10. Stanichnaya, R.R. and Stanichny, S.V., 2021. Black Sea Upwellings. Sovremennye Problemy Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli iz Kosmosa, 18(4), pp. 195-207. https://doi.org/10.21046/2070-7401-2021-4-195-207 (in Russian).
  11. Shokurova, I.G., Plastun, T.V., Kasianenko, T.E., Stanichnaya, R.R., Krasheninnikova, S.B. and Simonova, Yu.V., 2023. Winds Favorable for Upwellings near the Southern Coast of Crimea. Physical Oceanography, 30(4), pp. 398-409.
  12. Tolstosheev, A.P., Motyzhev, S.V. and Lunev, E.G., 2020. Results of Long-Term Monitoring of the Shelf Water Vertical Thermal Structure at the Black Sea Hydrophysical Polygon of RAS. Physical Oceanography, 27(1), pp. 69-80. https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160X-2020-1-69-80
  13. Mikhailova, É.N., Polonsky, A.B. and Muzyleva, M.A., 2012. On the Causes of Decrease in the Surface Temperature of Water in the Karkinitskii Bay of the Black Sea. Physical Oceanography, 21(6), pp. 394-400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11110-012-9131-0
  14. Osychnyi, V.I. and Shapiro, N.B., 1993. Modeling of Upwelling and Downwelling in the Ocean. Morskoy Gidrofizicheckiy Zhurnal, (6), pp. 3-16 (in Russian).
  15. Ivanov, V.A., Mikhailova, É.N. and Shapiro, N.B., 2008. Modeling of Wind Upwellings on the Northwest Shelf of the Black Sea near Local Features of the Bottom Topography. Physical Oceanography, 18(3), pp. 168-178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11110-008-9017-3
  16. Kosnyrev, V.K., Mikhailova, E.N. and Shapiro, N.B., 1996. [Numerical Modeling of Upwelling in the Northwestern Part of the Black Sea]. Meteorology and Hydrology, (12), pp. 65-71 (in Russian).
  17. Efimov, V.V., Iarovaya, D.A. and Barabanov, V.S., 2023. Numerical Modelling of Upwelling near the South Coast of Crimea on 24–25 September 2013. Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea, (1), pp. 6-19.
  18. Samson, G., Masson, S., Lengaigne, M., Keerthi, M.G., Vialard, J., Pous, S., Madec, G., Jourdain, N.C., Jullien, S. [et al.], 2014. The NOW Regional Coupled Model: Application to the Tropical Indian Ocean Climate and Tropical Cyclone Activity. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 6(3), pp. 700-722. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014MS000324
  19. Madec, G. and the NEMO team, 2008. NEMO Ocean Engine. Note du Pole de Modélisation. Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), France. No. 27, 300 p. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.324873920.
  20. Valcke, S., 2013. The OASIS3 Coupler: A European Climate Modelling Community Software. Geoscientific Model Development, 6(2), pp. 373-388. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-373-2013

Files

Full text

JATS XML

We use Yandex Metrics. Read more.

Мы используем Яндекс Метрику. Подробнее.