Numerical Simulation of Underwater Runoff Propagation in the Heraklean Peninsula Coastal Zone

V.A. Ivanov, V.V. Fomin✉

Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russian Federation

✉ e-mail: fomin.dntmm@gmail.com

Abstract

The problem of waste water propagation from the underwater source over the Heraklean Peninsula coastal zone is studied based on the three-dimensional numerical model simulating a break on the Sevastopol major municipal sewage trunk line. The calculations are made for three types of density stratification obtained by R/V Biryuza in September, 2015 and May, 2016. The outlet depth varied from 15 to 30 m. Numerical simulation was carried out on a uniform rectangular grid with 20 m horizontal step and 1 m vertical discreteness. Time integration step was 5 s, total integration time was 12 h. The effect of positive buoyancy in the model was created by fresh water inflow. It is revealed that the wastewater rising to the surface depends on the features of density stratification. The main factor preventing the polluted water from rising is the presence of the density drop layers above the outlet. The general trend consisting in increase of the polluted layer area accompanied by weakening of density stratification and decrease of current velocities is observed. It is found that the wastewater field close to the outlet consists of a stem and a jet oriented along the direction of the ambient current. As the current velocity increases, the top of the stem lowers and the jet sinks, its transverse size simultaneously decreases.

Keywords

coastal zone of the Crimea, wastewater, underwater outlet, density stratification, numerical simulation

For citation

Ivanov, V.A. and Fomin, V.V., 2016. Numerical Simulation of Underwater Runoff Propagation in the Heraklean Peninsula Coastal Zone. Physical Oceanography, (6), pp. 82-95. doi:10.22449/1573-160X-2016-6-82-95

DOI

10.22449/1573-160X-2016-6-82-95

References

  1. Bondur, V.G., Grebenyuk, Yu.V., 2001, “Distantsionnaya indikatsiya antropogennykh vozdeystviy na morskuyu sredu, vyzvannykh zaglublennymi stokami: modelirovanie, eksperimenty [Remote indication of anthropogenic impacts on the marine environment caused by underwater runoffs: modeling and experiments]”, Issledovanie Zemli iz kosmosa, no. 6, pp. 49-67 (in Russian).
  2. Gol'dberg, G.A., Zaets, V.I. &. Atsikhovskaya, Zh.M. [et al.], 1991, “Modelirovanie protsessov samoochishcheniya vod shel'fovoy zony morya [Modeling of self-purification processes of the shelf sea waters]”, Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 230 p. (in Russian).
  3. Bondur,V., 2005,“Complex satellite monitoring of coastal water areas”, 31st International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, June 20-24, 2005, Saint Petersburg, 7 p.
  4. Valery G. Bondur, 2011, “Satellite Monitoring and Mathematical Modelling of Deep Runoff Turbulent Jets in Coastal Water Areas, Waste Water - Evaluation and Management”, InTech, DOI: 10.5772/16134, http://www.intechopen.com/books/waste-water-evaluation-and-management/satellite-monitoring-and-mathematical-modelling-of-deep-runoff-turbulent-jets-in-coastal-water-areas
  5. Keeler, R., Bondur, V. & Vithanage, D., Apr. 2004, “Sea truth measurements for remote sensing of littoral water”, Sea Technol., pp. 53-58.
  6. Bondur, V.G., Filatov, N.N. & Grebenyuk, Yu.V. [et al.], 2007, “Issledovaniya gidrofizicheskikh protsessov pri monitoringe antropogennykh vozdeystviy na pribrezhnye akvatorii (na primere bukhty Mamala, o. Oakhu, Gavayi) [Research of hydrophysical processes in monitoring of anthropogenic impact on coastal waters (on the example of Mamala Bay of Oahu, Hawaii)]”, Okeanologiya, vol. 47, no. 6. pp. 827-846 (in Russian).
  7. Blumberg, A., Ji, Z. & Ziegler, C., 1996, “Modeling outfall plume behavior using far field circulation model”, J. Hydraul. Engineer., vol. 122, no. 11, pp. 610-616.
  8. Zhang, X., Adams, E., 1999, “Prediction of near field plume characteristics using far field circulation model”, J. Hydraul. Engineer., vol. 125, no. 3, pp. 233-241.
  9. Bondur, V.G., Zhurbas, V.M. & Grebenyuk, Yu.V., 2006, “Matematicheskoe modelirovanie turbulentnykh struy glubinnykh stokov v pribrezhnye akvatorii [Mathematival modeling of the underwater runoff turbulent jets in the coastal waters]”, Okeanologiya, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 805-820 (in Russian).
  10. Bondur, V.G., Grebenyuk, Yu.V. & Ezhova, E.V. [et al.], 2010, “Poverkhnostnye proyavleniya vnutrennikh voln, izluchaemykh zaglublennoy plavuchey struey. Ch. 3. Poverkhnostnye proyavleniya vnutrennikh voln [Surface manifestations of internal waves emitted by the underwater floating jet. Part 3. Surface manifestations of internal waves]”, Izv. RAN. Fizika atmosfery i okeana, vol. 46, no 4, pp. 519-529 (in Russian).
  11. Sovga, E.E., Pasynkov, A.A. & Andreeva, O.A., 2011, “Ekologicheskoe sostoyanie pribrezhno-morskikh rayonov Kryma [Ecological state of coastal-marine areas of Crimea]”, Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost' pribrezhnoy i shel'fovoy zon i kompleksnoe ispol'zovanie resursov shel'fa, iss. 25, pp. 169-180 (in Russian).
  12. Ivanov, V.A., Fomin, V.V., 2008, “Matematicheskoe modelirovanie dinamicheskikh protsessov v zone more – susha [Mathematical modeling of dynamic processes in sea-land area]”, Sevastopol, ECOSI-Gidrofizika, 363 p. (in Russian).
  13. Fomin, V.V., Polozok, A.A. & Fomina, I.N, 2015, “Simulation of the Azov Sea Water Circulation Subject to the River Discharge”, Physical Oceanography, no. 1, pp. 15-26.
  14. Mikhailova, E.N., Shapiro, N.B., 2014, “Trekhmernaya negidrostaticheskaya model' submarinnoy razgruzki v pribrezhnoy zone morya [Three-dimensional non-hydrostatic model of underwater discharge in the coastal zone]”, Morskoy gidrofizicheskiy zhurnal, no. 4, pp. 28-50 (in Russian).
  15. Smagorinsky, J., 1963, “General circulation experiments with primitive equations, I. The basic experiment”, Mon. Wea. Rev., vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 99-164.
  16. Mellor, G.L., Yamada, T., 1982, “Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems”, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 851-875.
  17. Fomin, V.V., 2006, “Primenenie TVD-skhem dlya chislennogo modelirovaniya frontal'nykh zon solenosti v melkom more [The use of TVD-schemes for numerical modeling of the frontal zones of salinity in the shallow sea]”, Meteorologiya i gidrologiya, no. 2, pp. 59-68 (in Russian).
  18. Harten, A. 1984, “On a class of high resolution total-variation-stable finite-difference schemes”, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1-23.
  19. Morozov, A.N., Ivanov, V.A. & Shutov, S.A. [et al.], 2016, “Prostranstvennaya struktura techeniy u Gerakleyskogo poluostrova po dannym ADCP nablyudeniy 2015 g. [Currents' space structure near Heracles Peninsula according to ADCP observational data, 2015]”, Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost' pribrezhnoy i shel'fovoy zon morya, iss. 1, pp. 73-79 (in Russian).

Download the article (PDF)