Water Balance in the Sivash Bay as a Result of Variability of the Natural-Climatic and Anthropogenic Factors

E. Е. Sovga✉, E. S. Eryemina, T. V. Khmara

Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russian Federation

✉ e-mail: esovga@mhi-ras.ru

Abstract

Dynamics of the Sivash Bay (the Sea of Azov) water balance under the conditions of varying natural and climatic (precipitation, water exchange with the Sea of Azov, river flow and evaporation), and anthropogenic factors (overlap of the North-Crimean Canal in 2014 and change of nature management) is studied. The basic water balance components in the Sivash Bay are assessed for three periods: the first one (1939–1971) – before the North-Crimean Canal was put into operation (conditionally natural mode of the Sivash Bay waters) – is studied using historical data; the second one (1972–2013) – during active exploitation of the canal under various functioning regimes of the irrigation systems, and the third period (2014–2016) – after the Canal was overlapped – are studied using the in situ data obtained by Marine Hydrophysical Institute and allowing for the modified natural and climatic factors. Intensity of water exchange between the Sivash Bay and the Sea of Azov after the canal was overlapped and the Sivash or the Azov currents became predominant is assessed using the calculation of the water level variations in the indicated areas and taking into account the wind conditions in summer, 2014. It is shown that the eastern winds promote intensification of the Azov water inflow to the Sivash Bay, hence, increasing salinity of its waters.

Thus, overlap of the North-Crimean Canal in 2014 makes for a complete reconstruction of the hydrological water regime in the bay and its gradual transition to the conditionally natural state.

Keywords

Sivash Bay, river runoff, atmospheric precipitation, water balance, salinity, North-Crimean Canal, the Henichesk Strait, water exchange with the Sea of Azov, water level

Acknowledgements

The work was carried out within the framework of the state order on the topic No. 0827-2014-0011 "Studies of the regularities of the marine environment condition changes on the basis of operational observations and data from the system of now cast, prognosis and reanalysis of the state of marine areas" ("Operational Oceanography" code), and with partial support of RFBR, grant No. 16-05-00621.

Original russian text

Original Russian Text © E. Е. Sovga, E. S. Eryemina, T. V. Khmara, 2018, published in MORSKOY GIDROFIZICHESKIY ZHURNAL, Vol. 34, Iss. 1, pp. 71–81 (2018)

For citation

Sovga, E.Е., Eryemina, E.S. and Khmara, T.V., 2018. Water Balance in the Sivash Bay as a Result of Variability of the Natural-Climatic and Anthropogenic Factors. Physical Oceanography, 25(1), pp. 67-76. doi:10.22449/1573-160X-2018-1-67-76

DOI

10.22449/1573-160X-2018-1-67-76

References

  1. Kostyushin, V.A. and Gorodiskaya, G.A. eds., 2000. The Current Status of Sivash (as a Wetlands): Collection of Scientific Papers. Kiev: Wetlands International-AEME, 104 p. (in Russian).
  2. Kostyushina, V.A. and Fesenko, G.V. eds., 2007. Sivash Region: a brief socio-economic overview. Kiev: Wetlands International Black Sea Progr., 178 p. (in Russian).
  3. Ponizovsky, A.M., 1965. Solyanye Resursy Kryma [The Salt Resources of the Crimea]. Simferopol: Krym, 163 p. (in Russian).
  4. Ponizovsky, A.M. and Chernyshev, M.P., 1963. O Gidrologicheskoy i Gidrokhimicheskoy Kharakteristike Azovskogo Morya i Sivasha v Svyazi s Osvoeniem Vodoema [On Hydrologic and Hydrochemical Characteristic of the Sea of Azov and the Sivash Bay due to the Development of the Water Area]. In: Voprosy Kompleksnoy Pererabotki Rassolov Morskogo Tipa i Poluchenie Rapnykh Stroymaterialov [Issues of Complex Processing of Salt Brines and Production of Brine Building Materials]. Simferopol: Krymizdat, pp. 77-83 (in Russian).
  5. Marushevsky, G.B., Kostyushin, V.A. and Siohin, V.D., 2005. The Sivash: Nature and People. Kiev: The Black Sea program Wetlands International, 80 p. (in Russian).
  6. Dyakov, N.N., Fomin, V.V. and Gorbach, S.B., 2012. Sovremennyy Metod Rascheta Kolichestva Atmosfernykh Osadkov, Vypadayuschikh na Poverkhnost' Azovskogo Morya [The Modern Method for Calculating the Precipitation Falling on the Surface of the Sea of Azov]. In: All-Ukrainian Scientific-Practical Conference "Ecology of Cities and Recreation Zones": proceedings of the conference. Odessa: INVATS, pp. 60-61 (in Russian).
  7. Dyakov, N.N., Belogudov, A.A. and Timoshenko, T.Yu., 2013. Otsenka Sostavlyayuschikh Vodnogo Balansa Zaliva Sivash [Assessment of Water Balance Components of the Sivash Bay]. In: MHI, 2013. Ekologicheskaya Bezopasnost' Pribrezhnoj i Shel'fovoj Zon i Kompleksnoe Ispol'zovanie Resursov Shel'fa [Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones and Comprehensive Use of Shelf Resources]. Sevastopol: MHI. Iss. 27, pp. 439-445 (In Russian).
  8. Dyakov, N.N., Fomin, V.V. and Gorbach, S.B., 2011. Sovremennyy Vodoobmen Azovskogo Morya s Zalivom Sivash cherez Proliv Tonkiy [Modern Water Exchange of the Sea of Azov with the Sivash Bay across the Tonkiy Strait]. In: All-Ukrainian Scientific-Practical Conference "Ecology of Cities and Recreation Zones": proceedings of the conference. Odessa: INVATS, pp. 80-83 (in Russian).
  9. Sovga E.E. and Shchurova, E.S., 2013. Resursnyy Potentsial Ozera Sivash i Sovremennoe Ekologicheskoe Sostoyanie ego Akvatorii [Resource Potential of the Sivash Bay and Current Ecological State of its Water Area]. In: MHI, 2013. Ekologicheskaya Bezopasnost' Pribrezhnoj i Shel'fovoj Zon i Kompleksnoe Ispol'zovanie Resursov Shel'fa [Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones and Comprehensive Use of Shelf Resources]. Sevastopol: MHI. Iss. 27, pp. 276-284 (in Russian).
  10. Pozachenyuk, E.A., Sovga, E.E., Khmara, T.V., Kharitonova, L.V. and Shchurova, E.S., 2016. O Metodakh Otsenki Sovremennogo Sostoyaniya Akvatorii Zaliva Sivash v Usloviyakh Perekrytiya Severo-Krymskogo Kanala v 2014 Godu [Methods of Assessment of the Sivash Lagoon State under the North-Crimean Canal Overlap in 2014]. In: MHI, 2016. Ekologicheskaya Bezopasnost' Pribrezhnoj i Shel'fovoj Zon i Kompleksnoe Ispol'zovanie Resursov Shel'fa [Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones and Comprehensive Use of Shelf Resources]. Sevastopol: MHI. Iss. 4, pp. 41-49 (in Russian).
  11. Shchurova, E.S., Sovga, E.E., Khmara, T.V., Lomakin, P.D., 2016. Izmenenija Resursnogo Potenciala Zaliva Sivash (Azovskoe More) posle Perekrytija Severo-Krymskogo Kanala v 2014 Godu [Changes in the Resource Potential of the Sivash Bay (the Sea of Azov) after the North-Crimean Canal Overlap in 2014]. In: SFU, 2016. Ekologija. Ekonomika. Informatika. Azovskoe More, Kerchenskij Proliv i Predprolivnye Zony v Chernom More: Problemy Upravlenija Pribrezhnymi Territorijami dlja Obespechenija Jekologicheskoj Bezopasnosti i Racional'nogo Prirodopol'zovanija: sbornik materialov III Vserossijskoj konferencii [Ecology. Economy. Informatics. The Sea of Azov, the Kerch Strait and Near-Strait Zones in The Black Sea: The Problems of Management of Coastal Territories to Ensure Ecological Safety and Sustainable Nature Exploitation: proceedings of the 3d all-Russian conference]. Rostov-on-Don: SFU Publ., pp. 296–307 (in Russian).
  12. Weather schedule [online]. Available at: https://rp5.ru/ [Accessed 06 September 2017].
  13. Adler, R.F., Huffman, G.J., Chang, A., Ferraro, R., Xie, P-P., Janowiak, J., Rudolf. B., Schnider, U. and Curtis, S. [et al], 2003. The Version-2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Monthly Precipitation Analysis (1979–Present). J. Hydrometeorol., [e-jour-nal] 4(6), pp. 1147-1167. Available at: https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/1525-7541%282003%29004%3C1147%3ATVGPCP%3E2.0.CO%3B2 [Accessed 16 April 2018].
  14. Dyakov, N.N. and Belogudov, A.A., 2015. Vodoobmen Zaliva Sivash s Azovskim Morem cherez Proliv Genicheskij (Tonkiy) [Water Exchange of the Gulf Sivash with the Sea of Azov through the Strait Genichesk (Tonkiy)]. In: SOI, 2015. SOI Proceedings. Moscow: SOI. Iss. 216, pp. 240-253 (in Russian).
  15. Matveev, L.T., 1984. Kurs Obshhej Meteorologii: Fizika Atmosfery [The Course of General Meteorology: Physics of Atmosphere]. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, pp. 341-346 (in Russian).
  16. Giovanni. The Bridge between Data and Science. v 4.23 Release Notes Browser Compatibility Known Issues [online] Available at: https://giovanni.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov [Accessed: 06 September 2017].
  17. Ilyin, Yu.P., Repetin, L.N. and Belokopytov V.N., 2012. Gidrometeorologicheskie Usloviya Morey Ukrainy. T. 2: Chernoe More [Hydrometeorological Conditions of the Seas of Ukraine. V. 2: The Black Sea]. Sevastopol: EKOSI-Gidrofizika, 421 p. (in Russian).
  18. Altman, E.N., 1973. Vodooobmen cherez Kerchenskij Proliv v Uslovijah Zaregulirovannogo Stoka Rek Azovskogo Bassejna [Water Exchange through the Kerch Strait under Regulated River Discharge of the Azov Basin]. Okeanologiya, XIII (3), pp. 416-423 (in Russian).
  19. Ivanov, V.A. and Tuchkovenko, Yu.S., 2006. Prikladnoe Matematicheskoe Modelirovanie Kachestva Vod Shel'fovykh Morskikh Ekosistem [Applied Mathematical Modeling of Water Quality of the Shelf Marine Ecosystems]. Sevastopol: EKOSI-Gidrofizika, 368 p. (in Russian).

Download the article (PDF)