Reconstruction of temperature and salinity in the upper layer of the Black Sea using pseudo-measurements on the underlying horizons

P. N. Lishaev✉, V. V. Knysh, G. K. Korotaev

Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russian Federation

✉ e-mail: pavellish@mail.ru

Abstract

Introduction. Using the original method consisting in the combined analysis of altimetry data and scanty measurements by the Argo buoys, three-dimensional fields of the temperature and salinity pseudo-measurements were previously reconstructed at the 63-500 m layer horizons, at that the areas to the right of the Rim Current and in the anticyclonic eddies up to the 125 m depth remained unfilled.

Data and methods. The algorithm for restoring the unfilled areas by replenishing them with the seawater salinity and temperature values within the layer 2.5–125 m (using the altimetry and the Argo data for 2012 as an example) is proposed. The daily-average salinity (temperature) in the 2.5–125 m layer was reconstructed by correcting the model-predicted salinity (temperature) through the weighted data of its deviations from the pseudo-measurements carried out on the underlying baseline. 150 m horizon was assumed to be the main baseline for which pseudo-measurements are available on the entire horizon of the sea. The weighting factors are determined by the salinity (temperature) covariance functions of the baseline with the model salinity (temperature) on the overlying horizons. The iterative procedure was used to reconstruct the salinity and temperature pseudo-measurements.

Results. Comparison of the root-mean-square deviations of the reconstructed salinity fields from the measured ones and its variability showed that in the halocline on the 88 m horizon, its variability was 1.9 times higher than the salinity deviations. Variability of the measured temperature on the 88 m horizon was 1.5 times higher than the deviations of the reconstructed temperature fields. The reconstructed fields of the salinity (temperature) pseudo-measurements were assimilated in the model of the Marine Hydrophysical Institute (MHI) by the adaptive statistic method for reanalysis of the Black Sea fields for 2012. The temperature and salinity fields reconstructed in reanalysis were validated. The cold intermediate layer (CIL) is well reproduced; its temperature is slightly understated. The satellite measurements of the sea surface temperature should be necessarily assimilated in the circulation model. The sea level in the deep-water area reconstructed in reanalysis was quite close to the altimetry one.

Discussion and Conclusions. Three-dimensional fields of temperature and salinity in the main pycnocline are reconstructed with sufficiently high accuracy in the deep-water part of the Black Sea. The seawater temperature in the surface layer 0–40 m cannot be reconstructed with acceptable accuracy. The approaches proposed in the previous studies and in the present paper can be effective for the other marine areas like the marginal seas of the oceanic type and the oceanic eddies, where relatively homogeneous water masses are observed.

Keywords

pseudo-measurements of salinity and temperature, altimetry, Argo floats, base horizon, covariance functions, reanalysis, adaptive statistic

Acknowledgements

The results of the investigation carried out in the section “Procedure of reconstructing the three-dimensional fields of the salinity and temperature pseudo-measurements in the 2.5–125 m layer” are obtained within the framework of the state task on theme No. 0827-2014-0011 “Investigation of the regularities in changes of the marine environment state based on the operational observations and the data of the system of nowcast, forecast and reanalysis of the marine water areas state”. The rest of the results represented in the paper were obtained at financial support of the Russian Scientific Foundation grant (project No. 17-77-30001) and the RFBR grant No. 16-05-00264 A.

Original russian text

Original Russian Text © P. N. Lishaev, V. V. Knysh, G. K. Korotaev, 2019, published in MORSKOY GIDROFIZICHESKIY ZHURNAL, Vol. 35, Iss. 2, pp. 114–133 (2019)

For citation

Lishaev, P.N., Knysh, V.V. and Korotaev, G.K., 2019. Reconstruction of Temperature and Salinity in the Upper Layer of the Black Sea Using Pseudo-Measurements on the Underlying Horizons. Physical Oceanography, 26(2), pp. 104-122. doi:10.22449/1573-160X-2019-2-104-122

DOI

10.22449/1573-160X-2019-2-104-122

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