Correlations between the Parameters of the Light Volume Scattering Functions in the Mediterranean Sea Surface Waters

V. I. Mankovsky, E. V. Mankovskaya✉

Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS, Sevastopol, Russian Federation

✉ e-mail: emankovskaya@mhi-ras.ru

Abstract

Purpose. The aim of the work is to study relationships between the parameters of the light volume scattering functions based on the data of their measurements in the Mediterranean Sea surface waters.

Methods and Results. The data of measurements of the light volume scattering functions in the water samples taken in a few regions of the southern Mediterranean Sea, namely from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Levant Sea, as well as in the central part of the Aegean Sea and near the Dardanelles Strait (May, 1998) were used. The following parameters of the volume scattering functions were calculated: total scattering coefficient, and asymmetry and variation coefficients. The maximum and minimum values of the scattering coefficient were 0.21 and 0.09 m–1, respectively; and those for the asymmetry coefficient – 77.8 and 33.9. The variation coefficient of the angle scattering coefficients changed within 35–79%, its maximum and minimum values fell on the angles 7.5° and 162.5°, respectively. Obtained were the relations between the variation coefficient and the scattering angle, the asymmetry coefficient and the scattering coefficient, and the angle scattering coefficients and the total scattering coefficient. All of them possess high (more than 0.9) correlation coefficients. The coefficient value (51.7%) at the angle 2° does not correspond to general relation of the variation coefficient to the scattering angle. This fact is explained by different contributions of coarse and fine suspended matter to the light volume scattering function. At the angle 2°, the main contribution is made by a coarse (organic) suspended matter, whereas at the angles exceeding 7.5° – by a fine (mineral) suspension.

Conclusions. The values of the variation coefficient of the angle scattering coefficient at the angles equal to 2° and exceeding 7.5° demonstrate variability of the coarse and fine suspended matter in the Mediterranean Sea, respectively. The equation for the relation between the asymmetry coefficient of the light volume scattering functions and the total scattering coefficient obtained for the Mediterranean Sea waters is close to the analogous one obtained for the Atlantic Ocean tropical waters. The angle 3.5° is optimal for determining the total scattering coefficient using the angle scattering coefficient for the Mediterranean Sea functions.

Keywords

volume scattering function, parameters, asymmetry, variation, scattering coefficient, scattering angle, Mediterranean Sea

Acknowledgements

The work was carried out within the framework of the state task on themes No. 0555-2021-0005 and No. 0555-2021-0003.

Original russian text

Original Russian Text © V. I. Mankovsky, E. V. Mankovskaya, 2021, published in MORSKOY GIDROFIZICHESKIY ZHURNAL, Vol. 37, Iss. 5, pp. 554-564 (2021)

For citation

Mankovsky, V.I. and Mankovskaya, E.V., 2021. Correlations between the Parameters of the Light Volume Scattering Functions in the Mediterranean Sea Surface Waters. Physical Oceanography, 28(5), pp. 514-524. doi:10.22449/1573-160X-2021-5-514-524

DOI

10.22449/1573-160X-2021-5-514-524

References

  1. Shybanov, E.B., 2020. Simulation of Depth Regime in the Sea Using Field Data on the Volume Scattering Function. Processes in GeoMedia, (2), pp. 738-745 (in Russian).
  2. Shybanov E.B., Korotaev, G.K., Kudryavtsev, V.N., Lee, M.E., Stanichny, S.V., Suslin, V.V., Churilova, T.Ya., Yurovskaya, M.V. and Ivanchick, M.V., 2018. [Optical Methods of Ocean Research: Remote and Contact Observations]. In: V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, 2018. Atmospheric and Ocean Optics. Atmospheric Physics: Proceedings of the XXIV International Symposium (Tomsk, Russia; 2–5 July 2018). Tomsk: Publishing House of IOA SB RAS, pp. Р18–Р27 (in Russian).
  3. Lee, M.E., Shybanov, E.B., Korchemkina, E.N. and Martynov, O.V., 2015. Determination of the Concentration of Seawater Components Based on Upwelling Radiation Spectrum. Physical Oceanography, (6), pp. 15-30. doi:10.22449/1573-160X-2015-6-15-30
  4. Kullenberg, G., Lundgren, B., Malmberg, Sv.AA. and Nygard, K., 1970. Inherent Optical Properties of the Sargasso Sea. Copenhagen: Københavns Universitet, Institut for Fysisk Oceanografi, 18 p.
  5. Petzold, T.J., 1972. Volume Scattering Functions for Selected Ocean Waters: Final Report. San Diego, USA: University of California, 79 p. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/73p3r43q [Accessed: 09 September 2021].
  6. Kopelevich, O.V., Mashtakov, Y.L., Pavlov, V.M. and Ochakovsky, Y.V., 1974. [Light Scattering Properties of Seawater in Various Areas]. In: A. S. Monin and K. S. Shifrin, Eds., 1974. [Hydrophysical and Hydrooptical Research Works in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans]. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 113–116 (in Russian).
  7. Marken, E., Ssebiyonga, N., Lotsberg, J.K., Stamnes, J.J., Hamre, B., Frette, Ø., Kristoffersen, A.S. and Erga, S.R., 2017. Measurement and Modeling of Volume Scattering Functions for Phytoplankton from Norwegian Coastal Waters. Journal of Marine Research, 75(5), pp. 579-603. https://doi.org/10.1357/002224017822109514
  8. Mankovsky, V.I. and Haltrin, V.I., 2002. Light Scattering Phase Functions Measured in Waters of Mediterranean Sea. In: IEEE, 2002. OCEANS'02 MTS/IEEE: conference proceedings. Biloxi, MI, USA : IEEE. Vol. 4, pp. 2368-2373. doi:10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191998
  9. Mankovsky, V.I. and Solov'ev, M.V., 2013. Seawater Phase Scattering Functions in the Black Sea. In: P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, 2013. Current Problems in Optics of Natural Waters (ONW'2013): VII International conference (St.-Petersburg, Russia, 10–14 September 2013): proceedings. Saint-Petersburg: Nauka, pp. 293-296.
  10. Shybanov, E.B. and Lee, M.E., 2013. Light Scattering Properties of Seawater in the Central and North-Western Part of the Black Sea. In: P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, 2013. Current Problems in Optics of Natural Waters (ONW'2013): VII International conference (St.-Petersburg, Russia, 10–14 September 2013): proceedings. Saint-Petersburg: Nauka, pp. 252-257.
  11. Mankovsky, V.I., 2018. Parameters of Scattering Phase Functions in Tropical Atlantic Waters. Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics, 31(6), pp. 604-610. doi:10.1134/S1024856018060106
  12. Berthon, J.-F., Shybanov, E.B., Lee, M.E.-G. and Zibordi, G., 2007. Measurements and Modeling of the Volume Scattering Function in the Coastal Northern Adriatic Sea. Applied Optics, 46(22), pp. 5189-5203. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.46.005189
  13. Mankovsky, V.I. and Mankovskaya, E.V., 2020. Spatial Variability of Water Optical Characteristics in the Southern Mediterranean Sea in Spring (May, 1998). Physical Oceanography, 27(1), pp. 48-59. doi:10.22449/1573-160X-2020-1-48-59
  14. Freda, W., Król1, T., Martynov, O.V., Shybanov, E.B. and Hapter, R., 2007. Measurements of Scattering Function of Sea Water in Southern Baltic. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 144(1), pp. 147-154. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2007-00119-6
  15. Chami, M., Shybanov, E.B., Churilova, T.Y., Khomenko, G.A., Lee, M.E.-G., Martynov, O.V., Berseneva, G.A. and Korotaev, G.K., 2005. Optical Properties of the Particles in the Crimea Coastal Waters (Black Sea). Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 110(C11), C11020. doi:10.1029/2005JC003008
  16. Levin, I.M., 2014. Few-Parameter Optical Models of Seawater Inherent Optical Properties. Fundamentalnaya i Prikladnaya Gidrofizika, 7(3), pp. 3-22 (in Russian).
  17. Levin, I.M. and Kopelevich, O.V., 2007. Correlations between the Inherent Hydrooptical Characteristics in the Spectral Range Close to 550 nm. Oceanology, 47(3), pp. 344-349. doi:10.1134/S000143700703006X
  18. Oishi, T., 1990. Significant Relationship between the Backward Scattering Coefficient of Sea Water and the Scatterance at 120°. Applied Optics, 29(31), pp. 4658-4665. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.29.004658
  19. Levin, I.M. and Radomyslskaya, T.M., 2012. Estimate of Water Inherent Optical Properties from Secchi Depth. Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 48(2), pp. 214-221. doi:10.1134/S0001433812020065
  20. Haltrin, V.I., 2000. Empirical Algorithms to Restore a Complete Set of Inherent Optical Properties of Seawater Using Any Two of These Properties. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 26(5), pp. 440-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.2000.10855275
  21. Man’kovsky, V.I. and Shemshura, V.E., 1990. Relationship between the Integral Characteristics of the Sea-Water Functions of Light Scattering. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Fizika Atmosfery i Okeana, 26(3), pp. 325-327 (in Russian).
  22. Mankovsky, V.I., 1971. On the Relation between the Integral Light Scattering Coefficient of Sea Water and the Scattering Coefficient in a Fixed Direction. In: MHI, 1971. Marine Hydrophysical Research. Sevastopol: MHI. No. 6, pp. 145-154 (in Russian).
  23. Man’kovsky, V.I., 1975. Experimental and Theoretical Data on the Point of Intersection of Phase Functions of Light Scattering by Sea Hydrosols. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Fizika Atmosfery i Okeana, 11(12), pp. 1284-1293 (in Russian).
  24. Shifrin, K.S., 1951. Light Scattering in a Turbid Environment. Moscow, Leningrad: State publishing of technical and theoretical literature, 288 p. (in Russian).
  25. Kopelevich, O.V., 1983. Small Parametric Model of Optical Properties of Sea Water. In: A. S. Monin, Ed., 1983. Ocean Optics, Vol. 1: Physical Optics of Ocean. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 208-234 (in Russian).
  26. Mankovskii, V.I., 2016. A Change in the Asymmetry Coefficient of Light-Scattering Phase Function in Natural Waters That Contain Organic Particles. Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 52(3), pp. 328-333. doi:10.1134/S0001433816030087
  27. Ryan, W.B.F., Olausson, E. and Fairbridge, R.W., 1966. Mediterranian Sea. In: R. W. Fairbridge, Ed., 1966. The Encyclopedia of Oceanography. New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, pp. 490-499.
  28. Kopelevich, O.V. and Bourenkov, V.I., 1971. On the Nephelometrical Method of Determination of Total Coefficient of Light Scattering by Sea Water. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Fizika Atmosfery i Okeana, 7(12), pp. 1280-1289 (in Russian).
  29. Morel, A., 1973. Indicatrices de Diffusion Calculees par la Theorie de Mie Pour les Systemes Polydisperses, en Vue de L׳Application aux Particles Marines: Rapport. Villefranche-sur-Mer, France: Centre de recherches Oceanographiques, pp. 1-75.

Download the article (PDF)