Simulation of Chemical and Biological Processes of Seagrass Growth
T. A. Filippova✉, E. F. Vasechkina
Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS, Sevastopol, Russian Federation
✉ e-mail: filippovata@mhi-ras.ru
Abstract
Purpose. The paper is purposed at developing a seagrass growth simulation model to describe qualitatively and quantitatively the chemical and biological processes of seagrass interaction with the environment.
Methods and Results. The simulation model of the seagrass Zostera growth is represented. This species is a dominant one of seagrass phytocenoses in the Black Sea coastal areas. The model is based on the system of differential equations describing the processes of photosynthesis, uptake of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from the environment, production of organic matter, and release of oxygen and organic substances to the marine environment. The model control parameters are water temperature, intensity of photosynthetically active radiation, and concentrations of nitrates, ammonium and phosphates in the sea and pore waters. The model test calculations were carried out for the central part of the Donuzlav Bay that permitted to calculate the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake from the seawater and bottom, and those of oxygen, suspended and dissolved organic matter released to the environment from 1 sq. m area occupied by Zostera. In course of a year, from the 1 m depth, 1 kg of oxygen is released, 0.6 kg of carbon is produced, 64 g of nitrogen (47 g from water and 17 g from pore water) and 5 g of phosphorus are absorbed.
Conclusions. The proposed model makes it possible to estimate the growth rate of seagrass, the amount of the nutrients uptake, the released oxygen, the produced and released organic matter, and the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in plant tissues. The qualitative and quantitative assessments of the seagrass Zostera growth processes correspond to the field data represented in literature. It is shown that the developed model can be used as a block of an integrated ecological model, namely as a tool for quantitative assessing the intensity of chemical and biological processes in the coastal areas that are at risk of hypoxia.
Keywords
marine ecosystem, modeling, seagrasses, Zostera, photosynthesis, metabolic processes, Donuzlav
Acknowledgements
We are very grateful to N. N. Dyakov, Ph.D. (geology), Corresponding Member of the Crimean Academy of Sciences, for providing the data on the Donuzlav Bay. The investigation was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the MHI RAS on theme: FNNN-2021-0005 “Complex interdisciplinary studies of oceanologic processes which determine functioning and evolution of ecosystems in the coastal zones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov”.
Original russian text
Original Russian Text © T. A. Filippova, E. F. Vasechkina, 2022, published in MORSKOY GIDROFIZICHESKIY ZHURNAL, Vol. 38, Iss. 6, pp. 694-708 (2022)
For citation
Filippova, T.A. and Vasechkina, E.F., 2022. Simulation of Chemical and Biological Processes of Seagrass Growth. Physical Oceanography, 29(6), pp. 674-687. doi:10.22449/1573-160X-2022-6-674-687
DOI
10.22449/1573-160X-2022-6-674-687
References
- Moore, K.A. and Short, F.T., 2007. Zostera: Biology, Ecology, and Management. In: A. Larcum, R. Orth and C. Duarte, eds., 2006. Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Dordrecht: Springer. Chapter 16, pp. 361-386. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2983-7_16
- Rasmussen, J.R., Olesen, B. and Krause-Jensen, D., 2012. Effects of Filamentous Macroalgae Mats on Growth and Survival of Eelgrass, Zostera Marina, Seedlings. Aquatic Botany, 99, pp. 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2012.01.005
- Milchakova, N.А., 2008. Marine Weeds of Eurasia Southern Seas: Composition, Distribution and Structural-Functional Features (Review). In: B. N. Panov, ed., 2008. Main Results of Complex Research in the Azov-Black Sea Basin and the World Ocean (Jubilee Issue). Kerch: YugNIRO Publishers. Vol. 46, pp. 93-101 (in Russian).
- Zharova, N., Sfriso, A., Voinov, A. and Pavoni, B., 2001. A Simulation Model for the Annual Fluctuation of Zostera Marina Biomass in the Venice Lagoon. Aquatic Botany, 70(2), pp. 135-150. doi:10.1016/S0304-3770(01)00151-6
- Wetzel, R.L. and Neckles, H.A., 1986. A Model of Zostera Marina L. Photosynthesis and Growth: Simulated Effects of Selected Physical-Chemical Variables and Biological Interactions. Aquatic Botany, 26, pp. 307-323. doi:10.1016/03043770(86)90029-X
- Zimmerman, R.C., Smith, R.D., and Alberte, R.S., 1987. Is Growth of Eelgrass Nitrogen Limited? A Numerical Simulation of the Effects of Light and Nitrogen on the Growth Dynamics of Zostera Marina. Marine Ecology – Progress Series, 41, pp. 167-176. doi:10.3354/meps041167
- Aveytua-Alcázar, L., Camacho-Ibar, V.F., Souza, A.J., Allen, J.I. and Torres, R., 2008. Modelling Zostera Marina and Ulva Spp. in a Coastal Lagoon. Ecological Modelling, 218(3–4), pp. 354-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.019
- Duarte, C.M., Martínez, R. and Barrón, C., 2002. Biomass, Production and Rhizome Growth near the Northern Limit of Seagrass (Zostera Marina) Distribution. Aquatic Botany, 72(2), pp. 183-189. doi:10.1016/S0304-3770(01)00225-X
- Zenkina, V.G. and Pavlova, A.V., 2016. Zostera Marina Is an Informative Indicator of Ecological Status of Marine Waters. International Journal of Experimental Education, (10-2), pp. 190-192. Available at: https://expeducation.ru/ru/article/view?id=10630 [Accessed: 11 November 2022] (in Russian).
- Mokievsky, V.O., Tsetlin, A.B., Azovskiy, A.I., Naumov, A.D., Kosobokova, K.N., Kuzishchin, K.V., Sapozhnikov, F.V., Vedenin, A.A., Gavrilo, M.V. [et al], 2020. [Species are Biological Indicators of the State of Arctic Marine Ecosystems]. Moscow: Foundation “NIR”, 383 p. Available at: https://www.rosneft.ru/upload/site1/attach/0/10/22/Biologicheskie_indikatory.pdf [Accessed: 11 November 2022] (in Russian).
- Dyakov, N.N. and Fomin, V.V., eds., 2021. [Modern Hydrological and Hydrochemical Regimes of the Donuzlav Bay]. Sevastopol, 464 p. (in Russian).
- Vasechkina, E.F. and Filippova, T.A., 2019. Modeling of the Biochemical Processes in the Benthic Phytocenosis of the Coastal Zone. Physical Oceanography, 26(1), pp. 47-62. doi:10.22449/1573-160X-2019-1-47-62
- Barrón, C., Apostolaki, E.T. and Duarte, C.M., 2012. Dissolved Organic Carbon Release by Marine Macrophytes. Biogeosciences Discussion, 9, pp. 1529-1555. https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-1529-2012
- Kraemer, G.P. and Alberte, R.S., 1993. Age-Related Patterns of Metabolism and Biomass in Subterranean Tissues of Zostera Marina (Eelgrass). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 95, pp. 193-203. doi:10.3354/meps095193
- Jassby, A.D. and Platt, T., 1976. Mathematical Formulation of the Relationship between Photosynthesis and Light for Phytoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography, 21(4), pp. 540-547. doi:10.4319/LO.1976.21.4.0540
- Goodman, J.L., Moore, K.A. and Dennison, W.C., 1995. Photosynthetic Responses of Eelgrass (Zostera Marina L.) to Light and Sediment Sulfide in a Shallow Barrier Island Lagoon. Aquatic Botany, 50(1), pp. 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/03043770(94)00444-Q
- Dennison, W.C. and Alberte, R.S., 1982. Photosynthetic Responses of Zostera Marina L. (Eelgrass) to In Situ Manipulations of Light Intensity. Oecologia, 55(2), pp. 137-144. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384478
- Hansen, A.B., Pedersen, A.S., Kühl, M. and Brodersen, K.E., 2022. Temperature Effects on Leaf and Epiphyte Photosynthesis, Bicarbonate Use and Diel O2 Budgets of the Seagrass Zostera Marina L. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 822485. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.822485
- Atkinson, M.J. and Smith, S.V., 1983. C:N:P Ratios of Benthic Marine Plants. Limnology and Oceanography, 28(3), pp. 568-574. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1983.28.3.0568
- Thursby, G.B. and Harlin, M.M., 1982. Leaf-Root Interaction in the Uptake of Ammonia by Zostera Marina. Marine Biology, 72, pp. 109-112. doi:10.1007/BF00396910
- Sandoval-Gil, J.M., Camacho-Ibar, V.F., Ávila-López, M.C., Hernández-López, J., Zertuche-González, J.A. and Cabello-Pasini, A., 2015. Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen Uptake Kinetics and δ15N of Zostera Marina L. (Eelgrass) in a Coastal Lagoon with Oyster Aquaculture and Upwelling Influence. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 472, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2015.06.018
- Pérez-Lloréns, J.L. and Niell, F.X., 1995. Short-Term Phosphate Uptake Kinetics in Zostera Noltii Hornem: A Comparison between Excised Leaves and Sediment-Rooted Plants. Hydrobiologia, 297, pp. 17-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00033498
- Thursby, G.B. and Harlin, M.M., 1984. Interaction of Leaves and Roots of Ruppia Maritima in the Uptake of Phosphate, Ammonia and Nitrate. Marine Biology, 83, pp. 61-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00393086
- Latushkin, A.A., Artamonov, Yu.V., Skripaleva, E.A., and Fedirko, A.V., 2022. The Relationship of the Spatial Structure of the Total Suspended Matter Concentration and Hydrological Parameters in the Northern Black Sea According to Contact Measurements. Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics, 15(2), pp. 124-137. doi:10.48612/fpg/4heu-kxbn-gg7t
- Pedersen, M.F. and Borum, J., 1992. Nitrogen Dynamics of Eelgrass Zostera Marina during a Late Summer Period of High Growth and Low Nutrient Availability. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 80, pp. 65-73. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps080065
- Littler, M.M., 1980. Morphological Form and Photosynthetic Performances of Marine Macroalgae: Tests of a Functional/Form Hypothesis. Botanica Marina, 22, pp. 161165. doi:10.1515/botm.1980.23.3.161