Impact of the Sea Waves’ Skewness and Group Structure on the Infrasound Generation by the Sea Surface

A. S. Zapevalov

Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS, Sevastopol, Russian Federation

e-mail: sevzepter@mail.ru

Abstract

Purpose. The study is aimed at analyzing the impact of the effects of the sea waves’ nonlinearity manifested in the skewness of sea surface elevations and in arising of a group structure, upon the generation of infrasound radiation by the sea surface.

Methods and Results. The analysis is based on the analytical model of a wave profile which permits to set an asymmetric wave profile (a pointed crest and a flat trough), and also to vary the grouping factor and the number of waves in a group. The field of surface waves is represented as a superposition of free waves and harmonics. It was studied using the mathematical apparatus of decomposing the analyzed function into the Fourier series. Quantitative estimates characterizing (in different situations) the ratio between the amplitudes of the acoustic waves generated by the main wave and its harmonics were obtained. It was shown that skewness affected the level of infrasound generation to a greater extent than the group structure of waves.

Conclusions. Both the skewness of sea wave elevations and their group structure lead to a decrease in the level of infrasound generated by the sea surface, as well as to the redistribution of infrasound energy over the spatial and temporal scales.

Keywords

sea surface, free waves, bonded waves, hydroacoustics, infrasound, group structure

Acknowledgements

The investigation was carried out within the framework of the state task on theme No. 0555-2021-0004 “Fundamental studies of the oceanological processes which determine the state and evolution of the marine environment influenced by natural and anthropogenic factors, based on the observation and modeling methods”.

Original russian text

Original Russian Text © A. S. Zapevalov, 2023, published in MORSKOY GIDROFIZICHESKIY ZHURNAL, Vol. 39, Iss. 2, pp. 177-188 (2023)

For citation

Zapevalov, A.S., 2023. Impact of the Sea Waves’ Skewness and Group Structure on the Infrasound Generation by the Sea Surface. Physical Oceanography, 30(2), pp. 160-170. doi:10.29039/1573-160X-2023-2-160-170

DOI

10.29039/1573-160X-2023-2-160-170

References

  1. Duennebier, F.K., Lukas, R., Nosal, E.-M., Aucan, J. and Weller, R.A., 2012. Wind, Waves, and Acoustic Background Levels at Station ALOHA. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117(C3), C03017. doi:10.1029/2011JC007267
  2. Ardhuin, F. and Herbers, T.H.C., 2013. Noise Generation in the Solid Earth, Oceans and Atmosphere, from Nonlinear Interacting Surface Gravity Waves in Finite Depth. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 716, pp. 316-348. doi:10.1017/jfm.2012.548
  3. Zapevalov, A.S. and Pokazeev, K.V., 2016. Modeling the Spectrum of Infrasonic Hydroacoustic Radiation Generated by the Sea Surface under Storm Conditions. Acoustical Physics, 62(5), pp. 554-558. doi:10.1134/S1063771016050195
  4. Salin, B.M. and Salin, M.B., 2019. Calculation of Infrasonic Noise Characteristics by Measuring the Current Values of a Two-Dimensional Wind Wave Field. Acoustical Physics, 65(6), pp. 724-730. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063771019060137
  5. Longuet-Higgins, M.S., 1950. A Theory of the Origin of Microseisms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 243(857), pp. 1-35. doi:10.1098/rsta.1950.0012
  6. Potapov, V.A., Tabulevich, V.N. and Chernykh, E.N., 1997. The Impact of Storm Microseismic Vibrations on the Seismicity of the Kuril Islands in the Pacific and Lake Baikal. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 38(8), pp. 1411-1419 (in Russian).
  7. Ardhuin, F., Stutzmann, E., Schimmel, M. and Mangeney, A., 2011. Ocean Wave Sources of Seismic Noise. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 116(C9), C09004. doi:10.1029/2011jc006952
  8. Tabulevich, V.N., Ponomarev, E.A., Sorokin, A.G. and Drennova, N.N., 2001. Standing Sea Waves, Microseisms, and Infrasound. Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 37(2), pp. 218-226.
  9. Hasselmann, K., 1963. A Statistical Analysis of the Generation of Microseisms. Review of Geophysics, 1(2), pp. 177-210. doi:10.1029/RG001i002p00177
  10. Brekhovskikh, L.M., 1966. On the Generation of Sound Waves in a Liquid by Surface Waves. Acoustical Physics, 12(3), pp. 376-379 (in Russian).
  11. Brekhovskikh, L.M., 1966. Sound Waves under Water Caused by Surface Waves in the Ocean. Izvestiya of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 2(9), pp. 970-980 (in Russian).
  12. Naugolnikh, K.A. and Rybak, S.A., 2003. Sound Generation Due to the Interaction of Surface Waves. Acoustical Physics, 49(1), pp. 88-90. doi:10.1134/1.1537393
  13. Guralnik, Z., Bourdelais, J., Zabalgogeazcoa, X. and Farrell, W.E., 2013. Wave–Wave Interactions and Deep Ocean Acoustics. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 134(4), pp. 3161-3173. doi:10.1121/1.4818782
  14. Wilson, J.D., 2018. Modeling Microseism Generation by Inhomogeneous Ocean Surface Waves in Hurricane Bonnie Using the Non-Linear Wave Equation. Remote Sensing, 10(10), 1624. doi:10.3390/rs10101624
  15. Phillips, O.М., 1961. On the Dynamics of Unsteady Gravity Waves of Finite Amplitude. Part 2. Local Properties of a Random Wave Field. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 11(1), pp. 143-155. doi:10.1017/S0022112061000913
  16. Longuet-Higgins, M.S., 1963. The Effect of Non-Linearities on Statistical Distribution in the Theory of Sea Waves. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 17(3), pp. 459-480. doi:10.1017/S0022112063001452
  17. Fedele, F. and Tayfun, M.A., 2009. On Nonlinear Wave Groups and Crest Statistics. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 620, pp. 221-239. doi:10.1017/S0022112008004424
  18. Gramstad, O. and Trulsen, K., 2007. Influence of Crest and Group Length on the Occurrence of Freak Waves. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 582, pp. 463-472. doi:10.1017/s0022112007006507
  19. Yuen, H.C. and Lake, B.M., 1982. Nonlinear Dynamics of Deep-Water Gravity Waves. Advances in Applied Mechanics, 22, pp. 67-229. doi:10.1016/s0065-2156(08)70066-8
  20. Zapevalov, A.S., 2021. Analytical Representation of a Group Structure Sea Surface Waves. In: T. Chaplina, 2021. Processes in GeoMedia–Vol. III. Cham: Springer Geology, pp. 139-145. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-69040-3_14
  21. Babanin, A.V. and Polnikov, V.G., 1995. On the Non-Gaussian Nature of Wind Waves. Physical Oceanography, 6(3), pp. 241-245. doi:10.1007/BF02197522
  22. Zapevalov, A.S., Bol’shakov, A.N. and Smolov, V.E., 2011. Simulating of the Probability Density of Sea Surface Elevations Using the Gram-Charlier Series. Oceanology, 51(3), pp. 407-414. doi:10.1134/S0001437011030222
  23. Jha, A.K. and Winterstein, S.R., 2000. Nonlinear Random Ocean Waves: Prediction and Comparison with Data. In: ASME, 2000. Proceedings of the 19th International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Symposium. ASME. Paper No. OMAE 00-6125.
  24. Guedes Soares, C., Cherneva, Z. and Antão, E.M., 2004. Steepness and Asymmetry of the Largest Waves in Storm Sea States. Ocean Engineering, 31(8-9), pp. 1147-1167. doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2003.10.014
  25. Zapevalov, A.S. and Garmashov, A.V., 2021. Skewness and Kurtosis of the Surface Wave in the Coastal Zone of the Black Sea. Physical Oceanography, 28(4), pp. 414-425. doi:10.22449/1573-160X-2021-4-414-425

Download the article (PDF)