Variability of Upwelling Characteristics in the Southeastern Baltic Sea in the First Two Decades of the 21st Century

M. V. Kapustina✉, A. V. Zimin

Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation

✉ e-mail: kapustina.mariya@ya.ru

Abstract

Purpose. The study is purposed at systematizing the regional features of coastal upwelling in the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea (SEB) during the summer seasons of 2000–2019 in a changing climate.

Methods and Results. The results of the identification of upwelling events in the southeastern Baltic Sea are presented as a negative anomaly of the coastal sea surface temperature relative to the selected area of the open sea. The estimates of influence of the local and global atmospheric processes (based on the data on wind characteristics and SCAND and NAO teleconnection indices) upon the upwelling event characteristics (frequency, duration and area) were obtained. On average, 4 upwelling events with a total duration exceeding 20 days were observed at the upwelling zone average area of about 620 km2. The upwelling frequency in the area under study was the highest along the northern part of the Curonian Spit and the Sambia Peninsula western coast. In comparison to 2000–2009, the upwelling durations in the summer seasons of 2010–2019 were recorded to decrease by about 8 days at the decline of frequency of the winds favorable for their development by 4–5%. The correlation between the number of upwelling days in the southeastern Baltic Sea and the SCAND index is established (the correlation coefficient was 0.65) that allows further attempts on obtaining the long-term forecasts of the probability of coastal upwelling development in the southeastern Baltic Sea.

Conclusions. It is shown that a steady decrease in the upwelling frequency in the SEB in recent decades is related to a declining frequency of the upwelling-favorable winds largely conditioned by the anticyclogenesis development over the Scandinavian Peninsula.

Keywords

coastal upwelling, upwelling type, interannual variability, large-scale atmospheric circulation, southeastern Baltic Sea

Acknowledgements

The study was carried out within the framework of the theme of state assignment of IO RAS FMWE-2021-0012.

Original russian text

Original Russian Text © M. V. Kapustina, A. V. Zimin, 2023, published in MORSKOY GIDROFIZICHESKIY ZHURNAL, Vol. 39, Iss. 6, pp. 797–813 (2023)

For citation

Kapustina, M.V., and Zimin, A.V., 2023. Variability of Upwelling Characteristics in the Southeastern Baltic Sea in the First Two Decades of the 21st Century. Physical Oceanography, 30(6), pp. 760-775.

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